Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

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In medicine and rheumatology, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are "Autoantibodies directed against cytoplasmic constituents of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and/or monocytes. They are used as specific markers for Wegener Granulomatosis and other diseases, though their pathophysiological role is not clear. ANCA are routinely detected by indirect immunofluorescence with three different patterns: c-ANCA (cytoplasmic), p-ANCA (perinuclear), and atypical ANCA."[1]

ANCA is also seen in microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Types of ANCA are:[2]

  • myeloperoxidase ANCA usually gives a perinuclear pattern (P-ANCA)
  • proteinase 3 ANCA usually gives a cytoplasmic pattern (C-ANCA)

ANCA are detected by indirect immunofluorescence and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

References

  1. ↑ Anonymous, (2009) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. ↑ Bosch X, Guilabert A, Font J (2006). Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.. Lancet 368 (9533): 404-18. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69114-9. PMID 16876669.
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