Middle East > Related Articles

From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium

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Contents 1 Parent topics 2 Subtopics 3 Other related topics 4 Bot-suggested topics

Parent topics

Subtopics

Other related topics

Bot-suggested topics

Auto-populated based on Special:WhatLinksHere/Middle East. Needs checking by a human.

• 1967 Arab-Israeli War [r]: Add brief definition or description
• 2008 United States presidential election [r]: The 55th quadrennial United States presidential election held on November 4, 2008. [e]
• 5th Special Forces Group [r]: One of the older United States Army Special Forces groups first serving in Vietnam, the unit now supports United States Central Command in the Middle East, Central Asia and Horn of Africa [e]
• ADMS atmospheric dispersion modeling system [r]: An advanced air pollution dispersion model developed in the United Kingdom. [e]
• Abu Musab al-Zarqawi [r]: Killed in an airstrike in 2006, the head of al-Qaeda in Iraq, who had previously run a separate organization [e]
• Afghanistan War (2001-), major combat phase [r]: During the Afghanistan War (2001-), the period of combat by Afghan ground forces, with U.S. and British air & special operations support, which drove the Taliban and al-Qaeda from their bases, in October through December 2001 [e]
• Africa [r]: Continent stretching over the equator, hosting deserts, tropical jungles and savanna as well as over fifty nations; population about 900,000,000. [e]
• Ahmed Chalabi [r]: An Iraqi politician, who spent much of his time in exile or in Kurdistan, who has declining influence in the current situation but is still regarded as well-connected [e]
• Alexander the Great [r]: King of Macedon who conquered the Persian Empire in the late 4th century BCE. [e]
• Amancio Ortega [r]: Add brief definition or description
• American Enterprise Institute [r]: A major U.S. political, economic and international relations "think tank", which has always been associated with a free enterprise view, and has, in recent decades, become more associated with neoconservatism and an interventionist foreign policy; many of its fellows went into policy positions in Republican administrations, and returned at the end of their tenure [e]
• Anise [r]: Annual herbaceous plant in the Apiaceae family that produces oil-rich fruits that have a distinct licorice taste. [e]
• Arab-Israeli Conflict [r]: Politics, insurgency, terrorism, and counterinsurgency between the State of Israel and the population of the Occupied Territories of the West Bank and Gaza [e]
• Arabic language [r]: is a Semitic language used by Islam and is an official or co-official language in the 22 countries which together make up the Arab World. [e]
• Arab [r]: A person whose native language is Arabic, whether born in the Arabian Peninsula (Arabia) or in Africa. [e]
• Arad, Israel [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Aramaic [r]: A Semetic language spoken in much of the Middle East outside the Arabian Peninsula in ancient times. [e]
• Asia [r]: The largest continent in both land area (with 30% of Earth's land area) and population (with 4 billion people, or 60% of Earth's population). [e]
• BBC [r]: British state-owned radio and TV broadcasting organization founded in 1922 under Lord John Reith. [e]
• Baghdad [r]: An ancient Persian city on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; the capital of modern day Iraq. [e]
• Barack Obama [r]: (1961–) 44th President of the United States of America (2009-) and a former Senator from Illinois. [e]
• Big cat [r]: The large wild felines including lions, tigers and leopards. [e]
• Butler [r]: Manages all affairs of a household and servicing of principals and guests, providing the service themselves and/or hiring and supervising outside contractors, vendors, housekeeping staff, chef, chauffeur, valet, or personal assistant or secretary. [e]
• CIA activities in the Middle East and South Asia [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Caroline Glick [r]: Senior Fellow on the Middle East, Center for Security Policy; Hasbara speakers bureau; contributing editor, The Jerusalem Post; contributor, Family Security Matters; Member of Oslo Negotiating Team; Israeli Prime Minister’s Office: Assistant Foreign Policy Advisor (1997-1998) [e]
• Center for Security Policy [r]: An American conservative research and policy advisory group, founded by Frank Gaffney, Jr., focused on the preservation of all aspects of American national power [e]
• Cheese [r]: Dairy product made from milk curd and widely eaten in the Western Hemisphere and Europe. [e]
• David Wurmser [r]: A neoconservative specialist in Middle East policy, who advised Dick Cheney, John Bolton and Douglas Feith in the George W. Bush Administration, as well as writing extensively in favor of interventionist policies in the region; ; advisory board, U.S. Committee for a Free Lebanon; co-founder, Middle Eastern Media Review Institute [e]
• Domestication [r]: The process of habituating wild animals or plants to live in association with humans, thereby providing us with food, livestock and pets. [e]
• Druze [r]: A religious offshoot of Shia Islam in the Middle East. [e]
• Echidna atricaudata (disambiguation) [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Echis [r]: Quick-tempered viper genus of Africa, the Middle East, India and Sri Lanka that produce hemotoxic venom. [e]
• Eggplant [r]: The name in American English for Solanum melongena, a perennial cultivated for its edible fruits. [e]
• England [r]: The largest and southernmost country in the United Kingdom, and location of the largest city and seat of government, London; population about 51,000,000. [e]
• Fermentation (food) [r]: The conversion of nutrients to desired products, such as ethanol, acetic acid or acetone, using yeast, bacteria, or a combination thereof [e]
• Foot (unit) [r]: A non-SI unit of length, equivalent to 12 inches. [e]
• Fouad Ajami [r]: M. Khadduri Professor of Middle Eastern Studies, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University; Trustee, Council on Foreign Relations; board member, Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA), Middle East Forum; Vice Chairman, Academic Council, Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa [e]
• France [r]: Western European republic (population c. 64.1 million; capital Paris) extending across Europe from the English Channel in the north-west to the Mediterranean in the south-east; bounded by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Spain; founding member of the European Union. Colonial power in Southeast Asia until 1954. [e]
• French support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war [r]: French technical assistance and sales of military and dual-use equipment, beginning in approximately 1975, to Iraq, and continuing through the Iran-Iraq War; France and the Soviet Union were the leading military suppliers to Iraq [e]
• Garden design [r]: Art and process of designing and creating plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. [e]
• Gaza Strip [r]: 26-mile-long Middle Eastern coastal region long the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt and Israel; population about 1.4 million Palestinian people, governed by Hamas since June 2007. [e]
• George Mitchell [r]: Obama administration special envoy to the Middle East; Member, International Crisis Group; successful mediator in Northern Ireland; retired U.S. Senator [e]
• George W. Bush [r]: (1946–) 43rd U.S. President (Republican), elected in 2000 and re-elected in 2004. [e]
• Gertrude Bell [r]: (1868-1926) English author and adventurer who influenced the formation of Iraq. [e]
• Gilad Atzmon [r]: (June 9, 1963- ) A jazz musician and composer, writer and Palestinian solidarity activist based in London, who grew up in Israel, and regards himself as a Hebrew-speaking Palestinian. [e]
• Gulf War [r]: The conflict started by the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990, and ended with the liberation of Kuwait and major damage to Iraqi forces, by a US-led UN coalition in 1991. [e]
• History [r]: Study of past human events based on written documents. [e]
• Hydrocracking [r]: A catalytic chemical process used in petroleum refineries for converting the high-boiling constituent hydrocarbons in petroleum crude oils to more valuable lower-boiling products such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel and diesel oil. [e]
• Ibrahim al-Jaafari [r]: Iraqi political leader, who had headed the Dawa party in exile, and had been Prime Minister in 2005-2006; he now leads a new party, the Iraqi Reform Movement [e]
• Iran-Iraq War [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Iraq War, major combat phase [r]: That part of the Iraq War involving the initial invasion by large-scale ground forces [e]
• Iraq War [r]: Invasion of Iraq by a coalition of countries, led by the United States, in 2003, and subsequent occupation [e]
• Iraq [r]: Country in the Middle East, currently transitioning from rule by the US. [e]
• Islam [r]: Religion founded by Muhammad whose sacred book is the Qur'an (Koran). [e]
• Israeli Defense Forces [r]: The combined ground, air, and naval armed forces of the state of Israel [e]
• Israel [r]: Country in the Middle East. [e]
• Italian support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Jalal Talabani [r]: A Kurd who is President of Iraq and leader of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan [e]
• John Mulholland [r]: Since 2008, a lieutenant general commanding U.S. Army Special Forces; he commanded the 5th Special Forces Group in combat in the Afghanistan War (2001-) and Iraq War [e]
• Jordan [r]: An Arab country of the Middle East, landlocked and bordered by Iraq, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and the West Bank of Palestine [e]
• Kurdish Democratic Party [r]: One of the two major political parties of Iraqi Kurdistan. Its leader, Massoud Barzani, heads the Kurdistan Regional Government. [e]
• Kuwait [r]: Country on the Persian Gulf bordering Iraq to the north and Saudi Arabia to the south; population of 2.5 million. [e]
• Languages of the United States of America [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Lebanon [r]: a country in the Middle East. It borders Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Its official language is Arabic, although French is widely spoken. The capital and largest city of Lebanon is Beirut. [e]
• Library [r]: Collection of books and periodicals. [e]
• MACV-SOG [r]: The U.S. organization responsible for covert operations against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, as well as related cross-border operations from South Vietnam into Laos and Cambodia during the Vietnam War; the abbreviation had an unclassified cover meaning, but was actually the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Special Operations Group [e]
• Macrovipera lebetina [r]: Venomous viper species found in North Africa. [e]
• Mahmoud Ahmadinejad [r]: (1956–) President of Iran since 6th August 2005. [e]
• Maltese (dog) [r]: Breed of canine in the toy group, known for its silky white hair, descended from dogs originating in the central Mediterranean area. [e]
• Maronite Church [r]: Eastern Rite Catholic church centered in Lebanon. [e]
• Massoud Barzani [r]: President of the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq, and leader of the Kurdish Democratic Party [e]
• Mediterranean Sea [r]: The body of water separating Europe from Africa. [e]
• Meghan O'Sullivan [r]: Professor of International Affairs at the Harvard University Belfer Center; previously consultant to then-U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Ryan Crocker, on the National Security Council, Coalition Provisional Authority, Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance, and the Policy Planning Staff of the U.S. Department of State [e]
• Michael Rubin [r]: Resident Middle East scholar at the American Enterprise Institute; expert list, Middle East Forum; Editor, Middle East Quarterly (2004-2009) and senior editor 2009-; Senior lecturer, Naval Postgraduate School; visiting lecturer at universities in Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkey, and Israel; political adviser, Coalition Provisional Authority and staff assistant on Iran and Iraq, Office of the Secretary of Defense [e]
• Middle East Review of International Affairs [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Middle East agreements [r]: The wide range of public and secret correspondence, treaties, United Nations Security Council resolutions, announcements from high-level conferences and other negotiated approaches to stability in the Middle East. [e]
• Minority government [r]: Parliamentary government in which the governing party has fewer votes than the parties of the opposition. [e]
• Mossad [r]: The civilian foreign intelligence and covert action agency of Israel, roughly comparable to the British Secret Intelligence Service or U.S. Central Intelligence Agency [e]
• Mowaffak al-Rubaie [r]: National Security Adviser of Iraq, called an "honest messenger" during the transitional government process, now dealing with regional agreement [e]
• National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2002) [r]: The key public document on national security strategy, issued by the George W. Bush Administration between the 9-11 Attack and the Iraq War [e]
• Natural language [r]: A communication system based on sequences of acoustic, visual or tactile symbols that serve as units of meaning. [e]
• Norway [r]: A constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula. [e]
• Nouri al-Maliki [r]: A Shi'ite who is Prime Minister of Iraq and head of the Islamic Dawa Party [e]
• Now and Zen [r]: A 1988 studio album recorded by Robert Plant, with guest contributions from Jimmy Page. [e]
• Obama administration [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Operation DESERT FOX [r]: A December 1998 U.S. and U.K. air campaign against Iraq, to punish Saddam Hussein for interferences with weapons of mass destruction searches by the United Nations UNSCOM inspectors [e]
• Organization of the Islamic Conference [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Palestine [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Panthera leo (Lion) [r]: Large gregarious predatory carnivorous feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male, one of four big cats in the genus Panthera, and a member of the family Felidae. [e]
• Paper [r]: A type of material made of flat sheets of dried, fibrous substances, but most commonly refers to those made from wood pulp. [e]
• Patriotic Union of Kurdistan [r]: One of the two major political movements of Iraqi Kurdistan, opposed to Saddam Hussein and now active in new government; its leader, Jalal Talabani, is President of Iraq [e]
• Petrochemicals [r]: Chemical products made from the hydrocarbons present in raw natural gas and petroleum crude oil. [e]
• Pollination management [r]: Horticultural practices that accomplish or enhance pollination of a crop, to improve yield or quality, by understanding of the particular crop's pollination needs, and by knowledgeable management of pollenizers, pollinators, and pollination conditions. [e]
• Provinces of Iraq [r]: The major administrative divisions of the country of Iraq [e]
• Pythagoras [r]: Greek mathematician and thinker of the 6th century BCE. [e]
• Quartet on the Middle East [r]: An international group comprising the United Nations, the European Union, the United States of America and Russia, concerned with bringing about an agreed settlement in the conflict over Israel and Palestine. [e]
• Saddam Hussein [r]: (1937–2006) Deposed and executed ruler of Iraq. [e]
• Saudi Arabia [r]: A country in the Middle East, governed by a monarchy under Islamic law, which contains the holiest sites in Islam, and also dominates the world's oil economy [e]
• Security organization of Saddam Hussein [r]: The multiple security organizations that protected the person, government, and sensitive projects of Saddam Hussein, also cross-checking one another [e]
• Sephardi Jews [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Soviet support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War [r]: Soviet technical assistance and sales of military and dual-use equipment, beginning in approximately 1975, to Iraq, and continuing through the Iran-Iraq War; the Soviet Union and France were the leading military suppliers to Iraq [e]
• Spanish language [r]: A Romance language widely spoken in Spain, its current and former territories, and the United States of America. [e]
• Steel [r]: An alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon content between 0.02% and 1.7% by weight, depending on grade. [e]
• Sykes-Picot Agreement [r]: A 1916 secret agreement between France and Great Britain, with the consent of Russia, on the disposition of territories in the Ottoman Empire [e]
• Syria [r]: Country in the Middle East, facing the Mediterranean Sea, and sharing borders with Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. [e]
• Tactics [r]: Military concepts and techniques used to fight a battle once battle is joined. [e]
• Tajik alphabet [r]: Add brief definition or description
• The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy [r]: A controversial book by two American academics, suggesting that the relationship between the United States and Israel is dysfunctional, but affected by a loose but politically powerful set of interest groups in both countries [e]
• Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [r]: The principal worldwide agreement for controlling the spread of nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons technology, without inhibiting the peaceful use of nuclear energy [e]
• U.K. support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War [r]: Most support to Iraq was without the knowledge or approval of U.K. government, but through covert Iraqi purchasing; some authorized dual-use sales were made, but largely ceased with the UN embargo [e]
• U.S. Intelligence and terrorism from 2000 [r]: Add brief definition or description
• U.S. Republican Party [r]: One of two major contemporary political parties in the United States; center-right; the elephant is its symbol [e]
• USS Mount McKinley (AGC-7) [r]: The first of the WWII class of dedicated amphibious command ships [e]
• USS Thuban (AKA-19) [r]: Andromeda-class attack cargo ship of the Second World War [e]
• Uday Hussein [r]: Saddam Hussein's elder son, who had lost authority to his brother Qusay Hussein due to erratic behavior, but still was in the privileged inner circle and prepared the Saddam Fedayeen irregulars [e]
• United Arab Emirates [r]: Federation of the seven arabian states Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujeirah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain. [e]
• United Nations [r]: An international organization that was founded in 1945 with the mission of preventing international war, protecting human rights, supporting social progress and justice, and helping with economic progress. [e]
• United States Army Special Forces [r]: United States Army organization originally created to train and lead guerillas, highly qualified to work with other cultures; acquired additional missions including foreign internal defense, direct action (military), special reconnaissance, counterterrorism, etc. [e]
• United States of America [r]: A country of North America, north of Mexico, south of Canada. [e]
• Vipera Avicennae (disambiguation) [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Vipera echis (disambiguation) [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Wahhabism [r]: A socially conservative branch of Sunni Islam, strongest in the House of Saud, which rules Saudi Arabia [e]
• War on terror [r]: A major policy of the George W. Bush Administration, defining global terrorism, as opposed to nation-states as in the Cold War, as the focal point of national security policy [e]
• Wars of Iraq [r]: The 20th and 21st century wars of modern Iraq, or the country created by British authorities from former governorates of the Ottoman Empire [e]
• Welding [r]: Fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence at a high melting point. [e]
• West Bank [r]: Areas on the West Bank of the Jordan River, assigned to Jordan by the United Nations resolution that partitioned the British Mandate of Palestine, which have been under Israeli control since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War [e]
• World Heritage site [r]: A place included in a list maintained by the World Heritage Centre of UNESCO with the aim of cataloguing sites of particular natural or cultural importance to the whole of mankind. [e]
• World War I, Australia [r]: Wartime preparations of Australian forces, and participation of Australian units under British high command [e]
• World War II, Pacific [r]: The part of World War II, 1937-45, with Japan defeated by the U.S., China, Britain, Australia, the Soviet Union and other Allies. [e]
• Yemen [r]: A Middle Eastern country with a coast on the Red Sea, and land borders with Saudi Arabia and Oman. [e]