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{{subpages}} '''Convergence of communications''', in varying and unfortunately not yet standard phrasings, is the goal of having all types of human-to-computer and computer-to-computer communications '''converge onto''' (i.e., all run over) a common infrastructure using [[Internet Protocol version 4]] or [[Internet Protocol version 6]]. It is neither necessary, nor desirable from a security standpoint, that they all run over the public [[Internet]]. All of these services can be restricted to other than the Internet, such as [[intranet]]s or [[extranet]]s. This definition of convergence does not attempt to standardize the applications themselves. Instead, it includes the technologies that enable application-specific communications to be transmitted over standard interfaces to information delivery systems using Internet Protocol, [[Session Initiation Protocol]], and similar protocols and interfaces.<ref name=AboutVoIP>{{citation | title = VoIP and Communications Convergence: What is Communications Convergence? | first = Nadeem | last = Unuth | journal = About.com | url = http://voip.about.com/od/notonlyvoice/a/CommConverge.htm }}</ref> Converged services may use custom software (e.g., [[private branch exchange]]) on a purpose-built [[router]], or a general-purpose computer. *{{r|Data||}} **{{r|Domain Name System||}} **{{r|Search engine||}} **{{r|Email||}} **{{r|File transfer||}} **{{r|Peer to peer file sharing||}} **{{r|Content delivery and distributed file sharing networks||}} **{{r|Transaction processing||}} **{{r|World Wide Web||}} **{{r|Online Document Services||}} (how is it different from a closed Wiki?) **{{r|Text messaging||}} **{{r|Collaborative public markup||}} (e.g., a Wiki) **{{r|Online book libraries||}} (e.g., Questia, Muse, O'Reilly, etc.) *{{r|Digital Rights Management||}} essential to some of the new services *{{r|Universal emergency telephone number system||}}<ref name=NENA>{{citation | url = http://www.nena.org/ | title = National Emergency Number Association}}</ref> *{{r|Telemedicine||}} *{{r|Remote sensing||}} **{{r|Weather information||}} *{{r|Multimedia||}} **{{r|IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)||}} <ref name=IMSdef>{{citation | url = http://www.imsforum.org/education | title = What is IMS? | author = IMS Forum}}</ref> *{{r|Audio||}} **{{r|Broadcast radio||}} **{{r|Pay-per-view audio content||}} **{{r|Telephone||}} using [[Voice over Internet Protocol]] (VoIP) *{{r|Television||}} **{{r|Commercial television||}} **{{r|Pay-per-view television||}} *{{r|Facsimile||}} *{{r|Software update distribution||}} *{{r|Telemetry||}} **{{r|System Control And Data Acquisition||}} SCADA, for any critical service, '''''never''''' should run over the public Internet

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